Fiber Optics: Nkag siab cov hauv paus

Tsis muaj dab tsi tau hloov lub ntiaj teb kev sib txuas lus ntau npaum li kev txhim kho thiab kev siv ntawm fiber ntau optical. Kab lus no muab cov ntsiab cai tseem ceeb uas xav tau los ua haujlwm nrog cov thev naus laus zis no.
 

Engineering thiab Kev Lag Luam Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm

Optical fibers yog tsim los ntawm iav los yog yas. Feem ntau yog kwv yees li txoj kab uas hla ntawm tib neeg cov plaub hau, thiab lawv yuav ntev li ntau mais. Lub teeb kis tau los ntawm qhov chaw ntawm fiber ntau ntawm ib kawg mus rau lwm qhov, thiab lub teeb liab yuav raug yuam. Fiber optic systems yog superior rau hlau conductors nyob rau hauv ntau daim ntawv thov. Lawv qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog bandwidth. Vim lub wavelength ntawm lub teeb, nws muaj peev xwm mus kis tau ib lub teeb liab uas muaj feem ntau cov ntaub ntawv ntau tshaj li ua tau nrog ib tug hlau conductor - txawm ib tug coaxial conductor. Lwm qhov zoo muaj xws li:

• Kev cais hluav taws xob - Fiber optics tsis xav tau kev sib txuas hauv av. Ob lub transmitter thiab receiver raug cais tawm ntawm ib leeg thiab yog li tsis muaj teeb meem hauv av. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsis muaj kev phom sij ntawm cov hluav taws xob lossis hluav taws xob poob siab.

• Kev ywj pheej los ntawm EMI - Fiber optics yog tiv thaiv electromagnetic cuam tshuam (EMI), thiab lawv emit tsis muaj hluav taws xob lawv tus kheej ua rau lwm yam cuam tshuam.

• Tsis tshua muaj zog poob - Qhov no tso cai rau cov cable khiav ntev dua thiab tsawg dua cov amplifiers.

• Sib dua thiab me dua - Fiber hnyav dua thiab xav tau qhov chaw tsawg dua li cov hlau nplaum uas muaj peev xwm sib npaug ntawm lub teeb liab.

Tooj hlau yog li 13 npaug hnyav dua. Fiber kuj yog yooj yim rau nruab thiab yuav tsum tau tsawg dua qhov chaw duct.

Daim ntawv thov

Qee qhov kev thov loj ntawm cov fibers optical yog:

• Kev sib txuas lus - Lub suab, cov ntaub ntawv, thiab kev xa xov vis dis aus yog kev siv fiber ntau tshaj plaws, thiab cov no suav nrog:

- Kev sib txuas lus
- Hauv cheeb tsam network (LANs)
- Industrial tswj systems
- Avionic systems
- Tub rog hais kom ua, tswj, thiab kev sib txuas lus

• Sensing - Fiber optics tuaj yeem siv los xa lub teeb los ntawm cov chaw taws teeb mus rau lub ntsuas kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv siab, kub, lossis spectral. Cov fiber ntau kuj tuaj yeem siv ncaj qha los ua tus hloov pauv los ntsuas ntau qhov cuam tshuam ib puag ncig, xws li lim, siab, hluav taws xob tsis kam, thiab pH. Ib puag ncig kev hloov pauv cuam tshuam rau lub teeb siv, theem thiab / lossis polarization hauv txoj hauv kev uas tuaj yeem kuaj pom ntawm lwm qhov kawg ntawm cov fiber ntau.

• Kev xa hluav taws xob - Cov fibers kho qhov muag tuaj yeem xa cov hluav taws xob zoo heev rau kev ua haujlwm xws li laser txiav, vuam, kos npe, thiab drilling.

• Illumination - Ib pob ntawm fibers sib sau ua ke nrog lub teeb ci ntawm ib qho kawg tuaj yeem teeb pom kev thaj chaw uas nyuaj rau kev mus txog - piv txwv li, hauv tib neeg lub cev, nrog rau qhov endoscope. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv tuaj yeem siv los ua cov cim qhia lossis tsuas yog ua kom zoo nkauj illumination.

 

Daim duab 1. Optical fiber ntau muaj cov tub ntxhais, cladding, thiab txheej.

 

Kev tsim kho

Cov khoom siv kho qhov muag muaj peb lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb: lub hauv paus, cladding, thiab txheej txheej (Daim duab 1).

Cov tub ntxhais feem ntau yog ua los ntawm iav lossis yas, txawm tias qee zaum siv lwm cov ntaub ntawv, nyob ntawm seb qhov kev sib kis ntawm qhov xav tau.

Lub hauv paus yog lub teeb-transmitting feem ntawm lub fiber. Lub cladding feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov khoom siv tib yam li cov tub ntxhais, tab sis nrog qhov ntsuas qis me ntsis ntawm kev cuam tshuam (feem ntau yog li 1% qis). Qhov ntsuas qhov sib txawv no ua rau tag nrho cov kev xav sab hauv tshwm sim ntawm qhov ntsuas ciam teb raws li qhov ntev ntawm cov fiber ntau kom lub teeb xa mus rau hauv fiber ntau thiab tsis khiav tawm ntawm phab ntsa.

 

 

Daim duab 2.Ib lub teeb ntawm lub teeb dhau los ntawm ib qho khoom mus rau lwm qhov ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov ntsuas ntawm refraction yog khoov lossis refracted ntawm lub interface.

Cov txheej txheej feem ntau muaj ib lossis ntau lub tsho ntawm cov khoom siv yas los tiv thaiv cov fiber ntau los ntawm ib puag ncig lub cev. Qee zaum metallic sheaths raug ntxiv rau txheej rau kev tiv thaiv lub cev ntxiv.

Optical fibers feem ntau yog teev los ntawm lawv qhov loj me, muab raws li cov kab uas hla ntawm cov tub ntxhais, cladding, thiab txheej. Piv txwv li, ib tug 62.5/125/250 yuav xa mus rau ib tug fiber nrog ib tug 62.5-µm diam core, ib tug 125-µm diam cladding, thiab ib tug 0.{{8} }mm diam txheej txheej.

 

 

Muaj 81 tus neeg muab khoom ntawm Fiber Optic Fibers hauv Photonics Marketpla

 

Cov ntsiab cai

Cov ntaub ntawv kho qhov muag yog cov yam ntxwv los ntawm lawv qhov Performance index ntawm refraction, hu ua n. Cov khoom siv qhov Performance index ntawm refraction yog qhov sib piv ntawm qhov ceev ntawm lub teeb nyob rau hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev mus rau qhov ceev ntawm lub teeb nyob rau hauv cov khoom. Thaum lub teeb ntawm lub teeb hla ntawm ib qho khoom mus rau lwm qhov nrog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv, lub nqaj yog khoov (los yog refracted) ntawm lub interface (Daim duab 2).

Refraction yog piav qhia los ntawm Snell txoj cai:

qhov twgn_Ithiabn_Ryog cov indices ntawm refraction ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas los ntawm lub beam yog refracted thiabIthiabRyog lub kaum sab xis ntawm qhov xwm txheej thiab refraction ntawm lub nqaj. Yog tias lub kaum sab xis ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntau dua li lub kaum sab xis tseem ceeb rau qhov cuam tshuam (feem ntau txog 82 degree rau optical fibers), lub teeb pom kev rov qab mus rau qhov xwm txheej nruab nrab yam tsis tau poob los ntawm cov txheej txheem hu ua tag nrho cov kev xav sab hauv (Daim duab 3).

Daim duab 3.Tag nrho cov kev xav sab hauv tso cai rau lub teeb nyob hauv lub hauv paus ntawm cov fiber.

 

Saib video txhais ntawm tag nrho cov kev xav sab hauv.

Hom

Thaum lub teeb raug coj mus rau hauv fiber ntau (raws li microwaves tau coj mus rau hauv lub waveguide), theem hloov pauv tshwm sim ntawm txhua tus ciam teb. Muaj ib tug finite discrete tus naj npawb ntawm txoj kev down the optical fiber (paub tias yog hom) uas tsim constructive (nyob rau hauv theem thiab yog li ntawd additive) theem hloov uas txhawb kev sib kis. Vim hais tias txhua hom tshwm sim ntawm ib lub kaum sab xis sib txawv rau lub fiber axis raws li lub beam taug kev raws qhov ntev, txhua tus mus txawv qhov ntev los ntawm fiber ntau los ntawm cov tswv yim mus rau cov zis. Tsuas yog ib hom, hom xoom xaj, taug kev ntev ntawm fiber ntau yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm cov phab ntsa. Qhov no yog hu ua ib hom fiber ntau. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov qauv uas tuaj yeem nthuav tawm hauv cov khoom siv kho qhov muag tau txiav txim siab los ntawm lub wavelength ntawm lub teeb thiab txoj kab uas hla thiab qhov ntsuas ntawm refraction ntawm cov tub ntxhais ntawm fiber.
 

Muaj ntau ntau yam ua rau attenuation nyob rau hauv ib tug optical fiber:

 

• Rayleigh Scattering - Microscopic-scale variations nyob rau hauv qhov Performance index ntawm refraction ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb yuav ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev nyob rau hauv lub beam, ua rau poob loj ntawm optical hwj chim. Rayleigh scattering yog nyob ntawm wavelength thiab tsis tshua muaj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov ntev wavelengths. Qhov no yog qhov kev poob tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv cov khoom siv kho qhov muag niaj hnub, feem ntau suav txog li 90% ntawm txhua qhov kev poob uas tau ntsib.

 

• Kev nqus dej - Txoj kev tsim khoom tam sim no tau txo qhov nqus los ntawm impurities (feem ntau yog dej hauv fiber ntau) kom qis heev. Nyob rau hauv lub bandpass ntawm kis tau tus mob ntawm fiber, absorption poob yog insignificant.

• Khoov - Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom tuaj yeem tsim cov feeb khoov hauv cov fiber ntau geometry. Qee lub sij hawm cov khoov no yuav zoo txaus los ua kom lub teeb nyob rau hauv cov tub ntxhais ntaus cov tub ntxhais / cladding interface ntawm tsawg dua lub kaum sab xis tseem ceeb kom lub teeb ploj mus rau hauv cov khoom siv cladding. Qhov no kuj tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum lub fiber yog khoov rau hauv lub vojvoog nruj (tsawg dua, hais, ob peb centimeters). Khoov rhiab heev yog feem ntau qhia nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm dB / km poob rau ib tug tshwj xeeb khoov vojvoog thiab wavelength.

 

 

Daim duab 4.Numerical aperture nyob ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob nkag mus rau hauv fiber ntau thiab ntawm txoj kab uas hla ntawm cov tub ntxhais fiber ntau.

 

Hom fiber ntau

Muaj peb hom fiber ntau optical: ib hom, multimode graded index, thiab multimode step-index. Lawv yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm txoj kev lub teeb mus rau hauv cov fiber ntau thiab nyob ntawm ob lub wavelength ntawm lub teeb thiab mechanical geometry ntawm fiber. Piv txwv li cas lawv nthuav tawm lub teeb muaj nyob hauv daim duab 5.

 

 

Peb lub tuam txhab tshwj xeeb hauv kev tsim cov yas kho qhov muag fibers / cables thiab txhua yam fiber ntau optic thaj qaum, yog tias koj xav tau, thov hu rau kuv.